The main activities leading to oil pollution of soil and environment are as follows:
Petroleum hydrocarbon compounds present in these wastes are environmental pollutants that have harmful biological, toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects.
Although polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds are destroyed under the effect of surface absorption, evaporation, photocatalysis and chemical destruction, but microbial destruction is the main process of removing these pollutants. As a result of the biological destruction process, these compounds turn into metabolic substances with less complexity, mineral substances, water, carbon dioxide (aerobic).
In Iraq and surrounding oil-rich countries, there have been scattered investigations on a laboratory scale and limited to the isolation of isolates capable of consuming petroleum hydrocarbons. A review of sources shows that bioremediation by bacteria has not been tested on an operational scale. Of course, it is worth mentioning that it should be noted that one aspect of the present research is the introduction, identification and investigation of local bacteria, which is a very important issue and the consequences of using non-native bacteria in a region are unpredictable.
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